The Panther tank wax developed in response to the Russian T34 tank, first encountered on the battlefield in 1941, it had the same Maybach V12 petrol (690 hp) engine as the Tiger I, it had better gun penetration, was lighter and faster, and could manage rough terrain better than the Tiger I, developed by Ferdinand Porsche. The weaker side armour, which made it vulnerable to flanking fire and a weaker high explosive shell ensured the Panther proved to be effective in open

At the beginning of the 20th century infectious diseases, caused by microbial pathogens, were the major cause of death. Large numbers of children and the elderly succumbed to diseases such as tuberculosis, diphtheria and pneumonia. At this time microbiologists had little idea about how diseases were spread, or how they could be controlled, so epidemics flourished. The Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918–1919, caused c.50 million deaths worldwide - more than the total number of